Consulting Agreements - Key Provisions

Consulting agreements are commonly used byconsultant has taken actions contrary to the client.
businesses today. Consulting agreements can rangeCopyrights and Data
from one page to 20 or more pages depending on theThe consulting agreement should address the use of
subject matter of the agreement and whether otherthe consultant's work. Some agreements allow the
agreements between the parties are included or areclient complete use of the physical product delivered
incorporated by reference. This summary will discussby the consultant and may not include an assignment
in more detail the terms of the Sample Consultingof copyright on the assumption that the consultant will
Agreement form and the legal rights and obligationswant to retain the copyright. The best position for the
created under the agreement, as well as provisionsclient is to get complete ownership of not only the
that could be adapted to specific circumstances andtangible documents that the consultant prepares, but
arrangements.also the copyrights to those documents. However, the
Provisions of the Agreement and Duties andconsultant may demand considerable more
Obligations Createdcompensation to assign this right making it impractical. It
The consulting agreement is an agreement between ais very important, however, for the parties to clearly
consultant and a client that wishes to retain certainunderstand their respective rights relating to not only
specified services of the consultant for a specifiedthe physical documents but the copyrights as well.
time at a specified rate of compensation. As indicatedConflict of Interest; Non-Solicitation
previously, the terms of the agreement can be quiteClients should consider including a non-competition
simple or very complex. Below is a discussion of theclause in the agreement, at least for the term of the
more important issues to be considered in everyagreement and within the market area of the client.
consulting agreement.Any non-competition clause must be reasonable to be
Scope of Work; Time; Compensationenforceable. Most consulting agreements also include a
It is important that the agreement for consultingstatement that the consultant will not solicit the client's
services outline the specific services to be provided.employees for at least the term of the agreement.
Often a consulting agreement will contain an exhibitMiscellaneous Provisions
that lists the services expected of the consultant. ThisAfter spending considerable time negotiating the
list can then be amended if necessary without theservices to be performed, the compensation, the
need to amend the entire agreement.ownership rights to the work product, etc. it is often
The time period in which the consultant is expected toeasy for parties to neglect the miscellaneous
complete his or her task should also be included in theprovisions that one typically finds at the end of the
agreement if applicable. Depending on the situation, theagreement. The parties should always pay careful
consultant may be expected to devote a specificattention to what law will govern the agreement, how
number of hours per week or per month to thedisputes will be resolved, and, probably most
project, or may charge a flat fee when the servicesimportantly, the assignability of the rights and obligations
are more specific in nature. The hiring company mayunder the agreement. Typically, the rights and
wish to include a "hold-back" provision alerting theobligations are not assignable since the client is hiring
consultant that a certain amount of the compensationthe consultant because of the consultant's specific
will be withheld until the consultant has completed theexpertise and the consultant is agreeing to perform the
task. Obviously, the inclusion of a hold-back provisionservices only for the client. There may be situations,
and the amount that is "held-back" are often points ofhowever, where an assignment may be necessary, i.e.
contention and should be negotiated.the client merges with or into another entity.
Term and TerminationSummary
The term of the agreement is typically quantified inConsulting agreements are frequently used in today's
months or years. Most likely it will coincide with thebusiness world and vary in complexity from simple,
compensation schedule. The client should also protectone-page documents to very complex, 20+ page
its interests by allowing it to terminate the agreementdocuments. The terms detailed above, however,
under certain conditions. Typically these conditions areshould be considered as basic requirements for any
(1) breach of confidentiality or non-solicitation provisionsconsulting agreement. With the key terms detailed in a
of the agreement, or (2) illegal activities that affectwritten agreement, the parties will have reasonable
consultant's performance under the agreement.expectations about services to be performed under
Without this right to terminate the agreement, the clientthe agreement and the consequences if those
is obligating itself to the consultant even if theexpectations are not met.