Six Sigma and the Voice of the Customer

Customers do not have a single voice. They aretheir competitor's customers to learn why they made
fractioned into multiple groups, each with their owntheir choice. The surveyor can use this information to
perspective. Each group may also have differentdrive changes in products and services. The ultimate
voices in different circumstances.objective is to gain market share.
For the Six Sigma team, identifying the customerThis leads us to substitute customers. These
involves more than collecting information about who iscustomers use substitute solutions to meet their needs.
purchasing the business's products or services. ThoseThey can affect your business in one of two ways.
who purchase the products and services are just oneThey can use your products and services as a
of several customer groups. Some other classificationssubstitute for that provided by an indirect competitor.
are internal supplier/customer handoffs, customers ofConversely, they can use an indirect competitor
competitors, former customers, and potentialinstead of you. An example would be using a
customers.passenger train to travel instead of an airline or a
Internal customers are those who are involved withrental car. All three of these business segments
supplier/customer handoffs within the process. Evencompete indirectly to provide the same service to the
though these handoffs are easy to see in a detailedcustomer, transportation. These potential customers
process map, the process owner often overlookscan provide an increase in market share achieved
them. By taking a process point of view, we capture allthrough market development rather than direct
of these handoffs and are able to measure how theycompetition.
ultimately affect the end user (customer) of theIn short, there are many ways to view the voice of
process. Six Sigma tools such as process mappingthe customer. The process improvement team needs
and SIPOC (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, anda high degree of thoroughness and creativity to collect
Customers) maps are tools designed to capture thesepertinent and complete information about customer
handoffs. We will cover these tools later.needs and wants. You must view your business or
Your competitor's customers are another importantorganization from the perspective of the customer.
source of voice of the customer data. SomeWhat do they see and feel?
automobile companies, for example, send surveys to