What Is The Difference Between A Business Risk And A Security Risk?

Risk assessment is a core competence of informationThis is a good question and well articulated.
security management. A recent question and answerThe answer - and this is a paraphrase of the more
exchange goes to the nub of how risk appetite and andetailed treatment contained in the chapter on risk in
organization's risk acceptance criteria should beInternational IT Governance and in Information Security
approached.Risk Management for ISO27001 - is as follows: there
The question was:are two different types of risk.
'ISO27001 hammers home that the approach to riskThe first is called speculative risk, and it is what
that an organization has towards security risks shouldbusiness people do - speculative risk can lead to either
be based on the organization's approach (and riskgain or loss, and is at the heart of business strategy.
appetite) for business risks. This just doesn't ring trueWe assess the risk, decide whether or not we can
to me given how granular the rest of 27001 is.'afford the possible loss and whether this is adequately
A business risk is fundamentally different from abalanced by the potential gain, and then go ahead - or
security risk and I really struggle to see how thenot, as the case may be. Your Elbonian investment
approach to one maps over to the other.decision is a speculative one, particularly in the light of
It's one thing to say "we are willing to take a highthe current economic climate.
degree of risk, so we'll invest in your factory in Elbonia"Non-speculative risk, on the other hand, is the sort of
- there is a potentially high profit to be had from takingrisk that can lead only to loss. Non-speculative risks
that risk. Business managers will be used to makingcan derail speculative business plans. Non-speculative
decisions based on that kind of risk vs reward thinking.risk is therefore the subject of risk control; if we can
It's entirely different to say "we are willing to take areduce this type of risk, we can remove potential
high degree of risk - we'll not invest in (eg) an antivirusobstacles to the realisation of our business strategy.
solution and accept the risk that that entails"Information risk, operational risk, regulatory risk, health
Investing in my factory in Elbonia could have the exactand safety risk - these are all forms of non-speculative
same potential (monetary) loss attached to it as therisk and the proper subject of risk management.
damage caused by not buying an AV solution - theThe overall risk management framework to which we
crucial difference is that taking a security risk can'trefer is that which applies to non-speculative risk. In
GAIN you anything. You might be lucky and not loseother words, the risk appetite that is relevant to the
anything - that's about the best you can hope for.management of information risk should be the same
There is no reward in this situation.as that applied to health and safety risk, or operational
In light of that - I'm not sure that the "risk appetite"risk, or any other controllable risk - it makes for
business-wise is necessarily a good indicator of howcoherence and consistency inside the enterprise.
"risk hungry" we should be security-wise.It is possible, therefore, for an organization to pursue a
Just as in life - my appetite for skydiving bears nohighly risky speculative business strategy within a
relation whatsoever on how I invest my money. Mynon-speculative risk management framework that is
high-risk appetite in the one arena has nothing to dobased on a very low tolerance for risk. For example,
with the other and it would stupid for me to apply it so.jumping out of an airplane is taking a speculative risk
I would have thought that ISO27001 which stresses afrom which gain (probably emotional) is expected;
bottom up, high granularity approach, would also includemanaging the non-speculative risks - ie making sure
the understanding that there can be different riskthat the chute is properly packed, that the lines haven't
arenas which may need to be treated with verybeen cut, etc - is likely to be on the basis of a very
different approaches.low tolerance for risk!